Since then, autochthonous cases of CHIKV fever have occurred in France, Croatia, Spain, and Italy. Ĭases of CHIKV (IOL lineage) have been described in Europe since 2007, when an outbreak was reported in northeastern Italy, with a total of 217 cases, and the presumed index case coming back from India. More recently (2004), a phylogenetic group, the Indian Ocean sub Lineage (IOL), originated from an ECSA clade causing, among others, a large epidemic in Réunion Island in 2005. Genetic analyses of CHIKV isolated from 1958 to 1973 in Asia placed them in a distinct group called the Asian lineage. Then, the virus is thought to have moved from Africa to Asia, where CHIKV outbreaks were initially confused with dengue epidemics.
Ī second lineage, known as West African (WA), was retrospectively identified in mosquitoes captured in Senegal. Based on the phylogenetic analysis of the CHIKV sequences from these early African outbreaks, they were grouped under the East-, Central-, and South-African lineage (ECSA). In the late 1950s, CHIKV was described in Uganda, the sub-Saharan region, and in Central and Southern Africa.
It was first identified in 1952 in present day Tanzania (East Africa), and was isolated from infected patients’ sera, and from Aedes and Culex spp. Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), a mosquito-borne alphavirus of the Togaviridae family, has caused over 70 epidemics between 19.
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